Well I searched high and low for this mysterious starter issue. I fucked around with all kinds of wires and finally found the solution. The starter button was stuck depressed.

Nice. It had nothing to do with the tail light wiring.
So the tail light is installed but one question remains. The thing is on permanently. I tried adjusting the brake light switch thing behind the heel guard on the rear brake side, but it hasn't made a difference. The light is still continuously on. Any suggestions on this one?